The biceps femoris is a muscle of the posterior (the back) thigh In humans the thigh is the area between the pelvis and the knee. Anatomically, it is part of the lower limb. As its name implies, it has two parts, one of which (the long head) forms part of the hamstrings In human anatomy, the hamstring refers to one of the three posterior thigh muscles, or to the tendons that make up the borders of the space behind the knee. In modern anatomical contexts, however, they usually refer to the posterior thigh muscles, or the tendons of the semitendinosus, the semimembranosus and the biceps femoris. In quadrupeds, it muscle group.

Contents

Origin and insertion

It has two heads of origin;

The fibers of the long head form a fusiform belly, which passes obliquely downward and lateralward across the sciatic nerve The sciatic nerve is a large nerve fiber in humans and other animals. It begins in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb. It is the longest and widest single nerve in the human body to end in an aponeurosis Aponeuroses are layers of flat broad tendons. They have a shiny, whitish-silvery color, and are histologically similar to tendons, but are very sparingly supplied with blood vessels and nerves. When dissected, aponeuroses are papery, and peel off by sections. The primary regions with thick aponeurosis is in the ventral abdominal region, the dorsal which covers the posterior surface of the muscle, and receives the fibers of the short head; this aponeurosis becomes gradually contracted into a tendon, which is inserted into the lateral side of the head of the fibula The fibula or calf bone is a bone located on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones, and, in proportion to its length, the most slender of all the long bones. Its upper extremity is small, placed toward the back of the head of the tibia, below the level of the knee-joint, and, and by a small slip into the lateral condyle of the tibia The tibia, shinbone, or shankbone is the larger and stronger of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates , and connects the knee with the ankle bones. The tibia is named for the greek aulos flute, also known as a tibia. It is commonly recognised as the strongest weight bearing bone in the body.

At its insertion the tendon divides into two portions, which embrace the fibular collateral ligament of the knee-joint The knee joint joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two articulations: one between the femur and tibia, and one between the femur and patella. It is the largest joint in the human body and is very complicated. The knee is a mobile trocho-ginglymus , which permits flexion and extension as well as a slight medial and lateral rotation. Since.

From the posterior border of the tendon a thin expansion is given off to the fascia Fascia , pl. fas·ci·ae (făsh'ē-ē), adj. fascial (făsh'ē-əl) (from latin: a band) is a layer of fibrous tissue that permeates the human body of the leg. The tendon of insertion of this muscle forms the lateral hamstring; the common fibular (peroneal) nerve descends along its medial border.

Action

Both heads of the Biceps Femoris perform knee flexion. Since the long head originates in the pelvis it is also involved in hip extension. The long head of the biceps femoris is a weaker knee flexor when the hip is extended (because of active insufficiency). For the same reason the long head is a weaker hip extender when the knee is flexed.

When the knee is semi flexed, the Biceps femoris in consequence of its oblique direction rotates the leg slightly outward

Variations

The short head may be absent; additional heads may arise from the ischial tuberosity Posteriorly, the superior ramus of the ischium forms a large swelling, the tuberosity of the ischium, the linea aspera, the medial supracondylar ridge of the femur, or from various other parts.

A slip may pass to the gastrocnemius In humans, the gastrocnemius muscle, meaning 'stomach of leg' (modern Latin, from Greek γαστήρ (gaster) ‘stomach’ and knēmē ‘leg’, referring to the bulging shape of the calf), is a very powerful superficial muscle that is in the back part of the lower leg and also called the calf. It runs from its two heads just above the knee to

Additional images

Right hip bone. External surface.

Bones of the right leg. Anterior surface.

Cross-section through the middle of the thigh.

Muscles of the gluteal and posterior femoral regions.

The popliteal, posterior tibial, and peroneal arteries.

Nerves of the right lower extremity Posterior view.

Back of left lower extremity.

See also

External links

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain Works are in the public domain if they are not covered by intellectual property rights at all, if the intellectual property rights have expired, and/or if the intellectual property rights are forfeited. Examples include the English language, the formulae of Newtonian physics, as well as the works of Shakespeare and the patents over powered flight edition of Gray's Anatomy Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body, commonly shortened to Gray's Anatomy, by Henry Gray, is an English-language human anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on the subject. As such, some of the information contained within it may be outdated.

List of muscles There are approximately 640 skeletal muscles within the typical human, and almost every muscle constitutes one part of a pair of identical bilateral muscles, found on both sides, resulting in approximately 320 pairs of muscles, as presented in this article. Nevertheless, the exact number is difficult to define because different sources group of lower limbs Although in common usage, the human leg or leg can refer to the entire lower extremity or limb of the human body, including the foot, thigh and even the hip or gluteal region, the precise definition in human anatomy refers to the section of the lower limb extending between the knee and the ankle (TA A04.7 Terminologia Anatomica is the international standard on human anatomic terminology. It was developed by the Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FCAT) and the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) and was released in 1998. It supersedes the previous standard, Nomina Anatomica. Terminologia Anatomica contains, GA 4.465 masseter · temporalis · pterygoid (lateral, medial))
ILIAC Region The ilium is the uppermost and largest bone of the pelvis, and appears in most vertebrates including mammals and birds, but not bony fish. All reptiles have an ilium except snakes, although some snake species have a tiny bone which is considered to be an ilium / ILIOPSOAS These muscles are distinct in the abdomen, but usually indistinguishable in the thigh. As such, they are usually given a common name and are referred to as the "dorsal hip muscles" or "inner hip muscles" psoas major The psoas major is a long fusiform muscle placed on the side of the thoracic region of the vertebral column and brim of the lesser pelvis. It joins the iliacus muscle to form the iliopsoas. In less than 50 percent of subjects the psoas major is accompanied by the psoas minor/psoas minor The psoas minor is a long, slender skeletal muscle which, when present, is located in front of the psoas major muscle. This muscle does not exist in about half the population · iliacus The iliacus arises from the iliac fossa on the interior side of the hip bone, and also from the region of the anterior inferior iliac spine . It joins the psoas major to form the Iliopsoas as which it proceeds across the iliopubic eminence through the muscular lacuna to its insertion on the lesser trochanter of the femur. Its fibers are often
BUTTOCKS

gluteals The gluteal muscles are the three muscles that make up the buttocks: the gluteus maximus muscle, gluteus medius muscle and gluteus minimus muscle: (maximus The gluteus maximus is the largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles. It makes up a large portion of the shape and appearance of the buttocks, medius The gluteus medius , one of the three gluteal muscles, is a broad, thick, radiating muscle, situated on the outer surface of the pelvis, minimus The gluteus minimus , the smallest of the three gluteal muscles, is situated immediately beneath the gluteus medius) · tensor fasciae latae It arises from the anterior part of the outer lip of the iliac crest; from the outer surface of the anterior superior iliac spine, and part of the outer border of the notch below it, between the gluteus medius and sartorius; and from the deep surface of the fascia lata

lateral rotator group gluteals: · tensor fasciae latae: quadratus femoris The quadratus femoris is, as its name implies, a flat, quadrilateral skeletal muscle. Located on the posterior side of the hip joint, it is a strong lateral rotator and adductor of the thigh, but also acts to stabilize the femoral head in the Acetabulum · inferior gemellus The inferior gemellus muscle is a muscle of the human body. The Gemelli are two small muscular fasciculi, accessories to the tendon of the Obturator internus which is received into a groove between them · obturator internus The obturator internus muscle originates on the medial surface of the obturator membrane, the ischium near the membrane, and the rim of the pubis · superior gemellus The Gemelli are two small muscular fasciculi, accessories to the tendon of the Obturator internus which is received into a groove between them · piriformis The piriformis is a muscle in the gluteal region of the lower limb
THIGH In humans the thigh is the area between the pelvis and the knee. Anatomically, it is part of the lower limb / compartments
Anterior The anterior fascial compartment of thigh contains the knee extensors and hip flexors sartorius The Sartorius muscle is a long thin muscle that runs down the length of the thigh. It is the longest muscle in the human body. Its upper portion forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle · quadriceps The quadriceps femoris , also called simply the quadriceps, quadriceps extensor, quads, is a large muscle group that includes the four prevailing muscles on the front of the thigh. It is the great extensor muscle of the knee, forming a large fleshy mass which covers the front and sides of the femur. It is the strongest and leanest muscle in the (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis The Vastus lateralis is the largest part of the Quadriceps femoris. It arises by a broad aponeurosis, which is attached to the upper part of the intertrochanteric line, to the anterior and inferior borders of the greater trochanter, to the lateral lip of the gluteal tuberosity, and to the upper half of the lateral lip of the linea aspera; this, vastus intermedius The Vastus intermedius arises from the front and lateral surfaces of the body of the femur in its upper two-thirds, sitting under Rectus Femoris and from the lower part of the lateral intermuscular septum. Its fibers end in a superficial aponeurosis, which forms the deep part of the Quadriceps femoris tendon, vastus medialis The vastus medialis, often called the 'teardrop' muscle, is a medially located muscle of the quadriceps) · articularis genu
Posterior/hamstring biceps femoris · semitendinosus · semimembranosus
Medial pectineus · obturator externus · gracilis · adductor (longus, brevis, magnus)
Fascia

Femoral sheath (Femoral canal) · Femoral ring

Adductor canal · Adductor hiatus

fascia lata (Iliotibial tract, Lateral intermuscular septum of thigh, Medial intermuscular septum of thigh, Fascia cribrosa/Saphenous opening)
LEG/ Crus/ compartments
Anterior tibialis anterior · extensor hallucis longus · extensor digitorum longus · peroneus tertius
Posterior superficial · triceps surae (gastrocnemius, soleus, accessory soleus, Achilles tendon) · plantaris deep · tarsal tunnel (flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior) · popliteus
Lateral peroneus muscles (longus, brevis)
Fascia

Pes anserinus

crural fascia (Anterior crural intermuscular septum, Posterior crural intermuscular septum, Transverse intermuscular septum)
FOOT
Dorsal extensor hallucis brevis · extensor digitorum brevis
Plantar 1st layer (abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi) · 2nd layer (quadratus plantae, lumbrical muscle) · 3rd layer (flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis) · 4th layer (dorsal interossei, plantar interossei)
Fascia

Plantar fascia

retinacula (Peroneal, Inferior extensor, Superior extensor, Flexor)

Categories: Thigh muscles

 

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Unlike the other muscle groups I feel that the hamstrings are best trained via two fashions Hip extension work semitendinosus semimembranosus and long head of biceps femoris

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Often their is tightness in the muscles around the ankle and hip, like the lateral gastrocnemius fibers, soleus, TFL, psoas, illiacus and . biceps femoris. short head and quite possibly a joint restriction at the subtalor joint in the ...

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